The Cognitive and Stress-Related Roots of Dog Domestication: A Behavioral Physiological, and Microbial Framework (Doctoral Dissertation, 2025)

Kyle C.M. Smith

Doctoral dissertation for the Pennsylvania State University Department of Anthropology.

Response to Hansen Wheat et al.: Additional analysis further supports the early emergence of cooperative communication in dogs compared to wolves raised with more human exposure (Learning & Behavior, 2023)

Hannah Salomons, Kyle C.M. Smith, Megan Callahan-Beckel, Margaret Callahan, Kerinne Levy, Brenda S. Kennedy, Emily Bray, Gitanjali E. Gnanadesikan, Daniel J. Horschler, Margaret Gruen, Jingzhi Tan, Philip White, Bridgett M. vonHoldt, Evan MacLean, and Brian Hare

Further analysis supports the early emergence of cooperative communication in dogs compared to wolves.

Cooperative communication with humans evolved to emerge early in dogs (Current Biology, 2021)

Hannah Salomons, Kyle C.M. Smith, Megan Callahan-Beckel, Margaret Callahan, Kerinne Levy, Brenda S. Kennedy, Emily Bray, Gitanjali E. Gnanadesikan, Daniel J. Horschler, Margaret Gruen, Jingzhi Tan, Philip White, Bridgett M. vonHoldt, Evan MacLean, and Brian Hare

Domestication altered dogs’ developmental pathways to enhance their cooperative communication with humans.